Dibenzylamines la,b reacted with 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) in aerated dichloroethane under -H-atom abstraction and formation of DDQ-H2, benzaldehyde and aromatic amines. While Tricyanovinylation product was obtained on reaction with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE).

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It is shown that, in spite of the known ease of hydrolysis of 2,4-dichloro-6-(4-sulphoanilino)-s-triazine (I) and the spare solubility of the model disperse-like dyes (II-V), yet soluble reactive dyes can be obtained in different yields by reaction of I and these dyes. Some optimal conditions for dyeing cotton with the in-situ formed reactive dyes are explored.

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A convenient route was reported for the synthesis of 3-anilino-4- arylazo-1-phenyl
-2-pyrazolin-5-ones to improve their yields. The structures of the obtained products were supported by spectral data.

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Experimental investigations have been made on the refrigerant-water counterflow condenser section of a small air-water heat pump. The condenser consisted of 15 meters of a thermally coupled pair of copper pipes, one containing the R12 working fluid and the other water lowing in the opposite direction. Thermocouples were inserted in both pipes at one meter intervals and transducers for measuring pressure and fluid flow rate were also included. Readings were taken under variety conditions; air temperature ranging from 18 to 26 degree Celsius, water inlet temperature from 13.5 to 21.7 degrees, R12 inlet temperature from 61 to 82 degrees and water mass flow rate from 6.7 to 32.9 grams per second. Temperature profiles and other related parameters have been predicted and compared with experimental values. The model gives a satisfactory prediction of the physical behavior.

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This paper summarizes the use of track detectors in the determination of reaction parameters in heavy ion interactions. The method is based upon an analysis of the components of two-and multi-prong events observed in the body of a track detector. This application of nuclear track detection technique has been found to have certain unique advantages over the conventional techniques in the study of multifragments emitted in the interaction of heavy ions with heavy target atoms. As an illustration, the technique has been applied in the study of the interaction of 8.12 MeVlu-208. Pb ions with Pb (natural) target atoms.

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Radio iodinated epidermal growth factor (125I-EGF) used for the detection EGF receptors in implanted tumors in mice showed rapid in vivo de-iodination. To increase its stability EGF was labeled with 111In and its biodistribution in normal NMRI mice was determined and compared to 125I-EGF. The highest accumulation was observed in the thyroid (max at 6 h: 1045.2 ± 376.4 % /g) with 125I-EGF. 111In-EGF demonstrated prolonged blood clearance and whole body retention compared to 125I-EGF. High renal activity (23.79 ± 3.41% /g) indicated excretion via kidneys. 111In labeling increased the stability of the radiotracer. Further studies in tumor implanted nude mice are warranted to demonstrate the biological efficacy of 111In labeling.

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The serum iron (SI), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (TS) and serum ferritin (SF) levels were studied in 16 Nigerian patients with tropical pyomyositis (TP) and in 16 control subjects (CS). It was observed that the mean SI (mol/L) and TS (%) values were significantly lower in TP than in CS (SI: 7.32±2.33, 14.41±3.02, p<0.02; TS: 14.24±4.03, 24.34±8.53, p<0.02). There were, however, no significant differences in the TIBC (mol/L) and SF (g/L) values between TP and CS (TIBC: 51.4±9.6, 56.2±8.5, p>0.5; SF: 269±108, 239±113, p>0.5). The low serum iron level in tropical pyomyositis is therefore considered as reflection of sequestration into the reticuloendothelial system rather than an absolute iron deficiency. It seems unlikely that iron deficiency is a contributory factor in the aetiology of tropical pyomyositis.

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In this study, the effects of ion-pairing agents and other ingredients of mobile phase on the separation of nor adrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A) and dopamine (DA) were studied in reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The effects of two ion-pairing agents, hexane-sulphonic acid sodium salt (HSA) and pentane-sulphonic acid sodium salt (PSA), have been compared with widely used octane-sulphonic acid sodium salt (OSA). In phosphate based mobile phase, increasing the concentration of OSA and HSA increased the capacity factors (K) of all catecholamines (CAs) in the standard mixture and higher concentration of HSA was required to reach the same values. PSA had minimal effect on the retention times at the same molar concentration range. In ammonium acetate based mobile phase, increasing the concentration of the ammonium acetate significantly reduced the K values of all CAs when HSA was used as an ionpairing agent. Alteration of the ammonium acetate concentration in PSA containing mobile phase had minimal effect on K values. In contrast to the results obtained with phosphate buffer, increasing the pH of the ammonium acetate based mobile phase resulted in an increase in the K values of all compounds investigated. HSA was found to be a suitable ion-pairing agent for liquid chromatographic separation of CAs in either phosphate or ammonium acetate based mobile phases and the applicability of the method was demonstrated by analysis of CAs in different rat tissues after alumina extraction.

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Investigations have been undertaken in order to detect the existence of phages in three Bacillus thuringiensis strains; aizawai HD-134, galleriae HD-234, and kurstaki HD-341; their relations to the bacterial virulence and their relations to polyhedrosis virus. The results obtained showed that each bacterial strain contains different frequencies of phage particles which appeared as number of plaques following UV lysis induction. Bacillus thuringiensis can serve as an intermediate host for polyhedrosis virus. Its existence in the temperate or vegetative state in the lysogenic bacteria increased the efficiency of Bacillus thuringiensis in pest control.

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Thyroglossal duct remnants are the most common congenital cystic lesions of the neck. However, a carcinoma arising in these structures is rare and mostly diagnosed on pathological examination after surgery. This is a case report of a patient with a mid-line cervical mass to whom Sistrunk procedure had been performed and was found to be a papillary thyroid carcinoma without a normally located thyroid gland.

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Eleven genera and 31 species in addition to 2 species varieties were isolated from stored cotton seeds collected from different localities in Egypt. The most common species encountered on 2% glucose-Czapek's agar at 28°C using the dilution and the seed plate methods were: Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. terreus, A. tamarii, Mucor racemosus and Rhizopus stolonifer. On 2% cellulose-Czapek's agar, A. niger, A. flavus, A. terreus, A. fumigatus, A. zonatus, Mucor racemosus and Rhizopus stolonifer were more frequently encountered. Screening of fungal species and strains isolated for aflatoxin production by the fluorescence technique revealed that, only two strains of A. flavus, two strains of A. oryzae and one strain of A. fumigatus were positive for aflatoxin production. Only aflatoxin B2 was produced by A. flavus and the optimal conditions for toxin production on synthetic agar medium is described.

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The clinical and laboratory aspects were studied in 27 Libyan patients with oral abscess (age: 18-45 years; sex: 14 males, 13 females) and compared with 25 healthy volunteers (age: 19-47 years, sex: 13 males, 12 females) as controls. The diagnosis of oral abscess was made on clinical presentation, such as facial swelling with severe pain, tenderness and mild to moderate fever (37.7-38.2°C) for 8-10 days duration together with hematological investigations such as blood hemoglobin, ESR, total and differential counts. Neutrophilic leukocytosis with raised ESR was indicative of bacterial infection which was confirmed by bacteriological culture and antibiotic sensitivity studies. The bacterial strains isolated from pus were staphylococcus aureus (5/27), Betahemolytic streptococci (2/27), Alpha-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus sanguis) (6/27), Veillonella parvula (5/27), Streptococcus pneumonia (1/27) and Bacteriodes oralis (3/27). The five pus specimens (5/27) which did not give any growth on culture, showed coarse spirochate and fusiform organisms in gram smear suggesting fuso-spirochetal infection. The raised serum IgG, C3, C4 and haptoglobulin levels were indicative of the presence of severe inflammation due to infection. The low serum IgA level may possibly be due to enzymic destruction of IgA by bacterial proteases. The rise in alpha-1-antitrypsin, may be secondary to acute phase response which is believed to be important primarily an a inhibitor of proteases.

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The hematological and biochemical parameters were studied in sickle cell heterozygotes and homozygotes from different provinces of Saudi Arabia and the percentile ranges were calculated. This paper is the first in the series reporting percentile ranges for biochemical and hematological parameters in different hemoglobin S genotypes in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia and presents the percentile ranges in sickle cell anemia patients and sickle cell heterozygotes in comparison with the values encountered in the normal (Hb AA) individuals.

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Calf mortality has been reported to be very high in cow and buffalo neonates. This mortality has mostly been attributed to infectious agents, i.e. rotavirus, coronavirus, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, salmonella species and cryptosporidium. Other important causes of calf mortality include immunodeficiency, seasonal effects parity of the dam, difficult parturition, sex and birth weight of the neonate and faulty management conditions. Of the infectious agents, rotavirus and E. coli are mainly involved in the causation of neonatal calf diarrhea which lead to high mortality and morbidity in young calves. E. coli mainly plays its role up to second week of life while rotavirus up to third week. Pneumonia causes great economic losses in neonatal calves. Electron microscopy is the standard technique for virus diagnosis, however, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is widely used now-a-days because of its easy handing, less technical still involved and availability.

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It is discussed that the benthic foraminifera Orbitolites shirazensis Rahaghi 1983 which was described from the Upper Paleocene sedimentary rocks around the Shiraz Area, West Iran should be included in a new genus Mardinella rather than in the genus Orbitolites.

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Nineteen different mould fungi, 18 yeasts and 12 bacteria were screened for their growth and single-cell protein content on deproteinized powdered whey. Eight fungi, 8 yeasts and 7 bacteria proved to be most suitable organisms for production of microbial protein. They were further grown on sterilized and non-sterilized unsalted cheese whey.

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The rainfall probabilities for four locations; Faisalabad, Lahore, Islamabad and Murree in Pakistan, have been calculated by the method of Markov chains using the threshold values of 10 mm/decade. A program written in GWBASIC calculates these probabilities. The probabilities of dry spells for Faisalabad and Lahore are higher than the Islamabad and Murree for all the 36 decades of a year using the data of 45 years for Faisalabad, 39 for each Lahore and Islamabad and 44 years for Murree.

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