Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder. Decreased platelet
survival is the main pathogenesis of it, which is related to platelet antibodies (APA). The levels of these antibodies are correlated with relapse and remission which was shown first time by us. Although APA levels decrease in remission but not risappear as studied by us. Among the several approches about ITP treatment, oral megadose methylprednisolone (MDMP) is found to be the cheapest and most effective one. For oral MDMP treatment, admission of the patients is not required and there is some evidences that chronic ITP could be prevented by this approach.

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Neonatal mortality rate has been higher in Turkey, 26/1000 in 1998, whereas 10/1000 in 2009. Within 11 years due to the advances in health policy, Turkey achieved a significant decrease in neonatal mortality, that Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries reached within 30 years. In order to determine prenatal, natal and early postnatal health care and to introduce new goals to preserve more qualitified health service throughout the country, “Infant Death Registry-Report Form” was formed by the leadership of Health Ministry of Turkey in 2005. This was the first step to be aware of the number and the causes of the neonatal deaths. Close antenatal care, attendence of skilled personnel to the deliveries, encouraging breastfeeding, prevention of hospital infections are some of the prevention strategies whereas standardized neonatal resuscitation programme wholeout the country, improvement of neonatal intensive care units and transportation conditions, increased number of skilled health personnel are the treatment solutions.

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The first passage of stool after birth (meconium), is delayed in preterm neonates compared to term neonates. Ninety-nine percent of term infants and 76% of premature infants pass a stool in the first 24 hours of life. Ninety-nine percent of premature infants pass a stool by 48 hours.
To explain the effect of some factors on the time of first passage of meconium(POM) in neonates.
Between January and March 2009, all neonates born in Baghdad teaching Hospital-medical city-Baghdad, with gestational age (GA) of 28-42 weeks and without metabolic, congenital or gastrointestinal diseases, were included. Neonates were divided into four groups: A. GA 30 weeks, B GA 31-34 weeks, C GA 35-36 weeks, D GA37 weeks(term). Neonates were followed for first POM.
A total of 222 neonates (115 males); 12, 22, 29 and 159 neonates in group A, B, C and D respectively were included. With decreasing gestation, a trend was found for delayed first POM (P<0.0001).Compared to term neonates 157/159 (98.7%), less preterm neonates passed their first stool within 24 hours after birth group A; 2/12 (16.6%); group B; 9/22 (40.9%); and group C; 26/29 (89.6%). First POM was associated with birth weight < 2.5 kg (P= 0.0001), 42/69 (60.8%) of neonates passed their first stool within 24 hours after birth, compared to 152/153 (99.3%) of neonates > 2.5 kg. The time of first POM was associated with type of feeding (P=0.0001) and with the need for respiratory support, (P=0.0001). First POM was not associated with gender, and birth weight in relation to GA.
More than (98.7%) of term neonates passed their first stool within 24 hours after birth. The first POM was delayed in preterm neonates compared to term neonates. The first POM was significantly associated with gestational age. It was also delayed with decreasing birth weight, and in neonates who need respiratory support compared to those who did not. The first POM was earlier in breast fed neonates compared to formula fed or combined type of feeding.

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This study aimed to the discovery of new biologically active natural products with hormonelike activity from Butea frondosa Roxb., Family Leguminosae growing in Egypt. The investigation of estrogenlike activity showed that both the successive non-polar and methanolic extracts showed a significant estrogen-like activity in immature female rats. GLC analysis the non-polar bioactive revealed the presence of eicosane (22.5%) and -amyrin (20.5%) as the major components in the unsaponifiable matter, while palmitic (24.9%) and linoleic (36.8%) acids were the main saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The successive bioactive methanolic extract was subjected to chromatographic separation to yield five flavonoids identified as vicenin II, vitexin, chrysoeriol 7-o--D-glucuronic acid, 6,8-di-C-rhamnosyl apigenin and luteolin.

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Umbilical cord problems are the major causes of referrals to pediatric surgery clinics during
newborn period and most patients present with a mass or drainage from the umbilicus. Here we present a male newborn with yellowish umbilical cord drainage on fourth day of life. Omphalomesenteric fistule was determined and the patient was operated successfully.

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