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During the past centuries, many herbs and plants, were described as milk-producing plants. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) was one of these herbs which was mentioned in medical prescriptions by herbal medicine practitioners in various parts of the world. The reason of this study is to shed the light of the fennel’s effect on female rats’ mammary glands in the three physiological cases (virgins, pregnant, and lactating). A total of 90 Norwegian white rats (Sprague-Dawley) were included in the study and were divided into 4 groups. These groups were treated with fennel plant focusing 5% and 10% of the daily food for a period of 10 and 20 days; two sets of control were used for each focus for a period of 10 and 20 days, who took their allocated animal feed. Each group includes five animals. Then measuring weight process was conducted for these animals after 10 days and 20 days. A significant increase in p (<0.05) was observed in alveoli diameters of the mammary glands. Also an increase in the number of the padded epithelial cells for the alveoli of the mammary glands was observed. In the treated groups focusing 10% of the daily food for a period of 10 and 20 days (the highest for the virgin rats), a slight increase in p for the pregnant rats, and a significant increase in p (P<0.05) for the lactating rats focusing (10%) for a period of 10 and 20 days period were observed. This means that the seed has given an incentive to increase the growth and development of the mammary glands in virgin animals as well as to increase the composition of milk during pregnancy
and increase the secretion of milk in lactating animals. All these effects were pronounced in all physiological states in the case of a concentration of 10% and duration of 20 days with the emergence of hyperplasia state. This indicates that seeds of the fennel plant increase the chance of growth and development of the mammary glands of female rats.

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Burn contractures may change according to the defect after release operation depending on the contracture’s localization. The larger the joint, the larger the flap requirements following the contracture release. Generally, flexor surfaces of the body include some important neurovascular structures, and covering the area with a thick and uncontractable tissue following the release operation is of importance. This can be best done by a proper flap selection. However, flap elevation is not devoid of morbidity, and the morbidity changes with the size of the flap. Furthermore, a patient may require many flaps from time to time to treat such a problem, and at the same time the patient may not have enough flap donor site. This paper presents nine burn contractures treated with split-thickness skin grafting after 3 weeks following contracture release. During this interim 3-week period, the granulation tissue filled the defect up to the level of the adjacent healthy
skin. A nonadherent dressing material was applied to the wound to prevent pain and hemorrhage during the waiting period. In the second operation, only the superficial unhealthy granulation tissue was removed and then the defect was covered with split-thickness skin graft, without any complications. The obtained results were as excellent as can be obtained from a flap transfer.

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The goal of this study was to evaluate the functional results of partial hip arthroplasty in hip fractures. The mortality, morbidity, and functional statuses were investigated.
Patients operated with partial hip arthroplasty for the hip fractures between January 3, 2001, and January 30, 2010, were evaluated retrospectively. The Oxford hip score was carried out, and the results were analyzed. A total of 82 of 130 patients who were operated with partial hip arthroplasty for hip fractures reached Fatih University
Hospital (new name of Turgut Özal University). The mean follow-up time was 37.76 months and the mean age of the 82 patients was 78.99. Of the total number of patients, 25 were men and 57 were women. A total of 49 patients were alive and 33 were dead. The mean postoperative survival of these patients was 31.1 months. The mean total score of the Oxford hip score was 50.17. There was no effect of operation age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal diseases, dementia, and chronic obstructive lung disease on the Oxford hip score. Survival was not affected by the result of the Oxford hip
score. The total Oxford hip score was less in patients who had heart disease, but it was not significant statistically. Embolus affected the hip score negatively. Partial hip arthroplasty takes a big place in the treatment of hip fractures, and it is a successful treatment choice in functional evaluation. New investigations are needed to compare the functional results of partial hip arthroplasty with other treatments.

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Early childhood masturbation is confused with seizures, abdominal pain, colic, or other neurologic or medical problems. The diagnosis is based on detailed medical history and video recordings. This paper report cases to enable physicians better recognize this disorder, prevent costly and invasive evaluations, and provide appropriate guidance to parents. It is
a shameful event for parents, and health care professionals should encourage parents share all related events about their children.

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Although various well-known forms of blepharoptosis have been reported, there is no report arguing blepharoptosis following the surgery for facial paralysis. A 40-year-old woman with unilateral facial paralysis secondary to mastoidectomy 20 years ago was admitted with her left upper eyelid ptosis. It was found that a free muscle grafting with tendon had been done to treat the complication. A Z-plasty was done to elongate the short tendon by 7 mm under general anesthesia. For reconstructing the mouth corner, a
superiorly based sternocleidomastoid muscle flap was transferred after 3 months of the Z-plasty on tendon. The ptosis disappeared soon after Z-plasty surgery on the tendon. The patient learned how to use the newly transferred muscle for the mouth corner movements in 3 months. The problem associated with the presented case is rare, which included facial paralysis followed by blepharoptosis. This is a paradoxical situation. In other words, first, there is a possiblity of having blepharoptosis in a patient with facial paralysis that is already operated on. Second, it might be an intricate problem and I would like to discuss it. Last but not least, it is an example of paradox existing in medicine.

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A 40-year-old man presented with complaints of pain that continued to increase over a year. There was swelling and limitation of motion in his right elbow. There was an increase in the diameter of the right elbow, painful joint movements, and 30-degree extension loss in the physical examination of the patient. Direct radiography and computed tomography
scans of the right elbow showed calcified joint mouses three in front and one at the back of the elbow. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the increment of fluid and free hypodense objects in front of the elbow. Following an initial diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis, arthroscopic surgery was performed. Three dirty white colored free bodies were removed with partial synovectomy by reaching front and back of the elbow from standard inputs. The diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis was confirmed with pathological examination. The patient’s pain recovered in the first postoperative
week, and the full range of motion reached in the third week. At the end of the 1-year follow-up, the patient’s complaints completely disappeared, and there was no evidence of recurrence.

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Some progress has been obtained in lung cancer treatment by chemotherapy including resistant cases (1-3). It was generally used prior to radical surgery. Here a patient with different lung cancers in each side of lung thorax presented because he refused
chemoteraphy prior to surgery. Good prognosis was obtained with surgical exision and some
radiotherapy.

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