Co (II) and Fe (III) chelates of Schiff bases derived from isatin with -alanine, valine, -phenyl--alanine, serine, threonine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine and tryptophan have been synthesized and identified on the basis of their chemical analysis, IR, UV-Vis. spectra and magnetic moment measurements. All the complexes area suggested to possess octahedral structures.

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A general review on polyester fibres formation is given illustrating its structure, polymerization reactions as well as chemical, physical and mechanical properties. Modifications of polyester fibres are also reported. Alkalies, amines, solvents either aqueous or non-aqueous attack polyester fibres differently. Their effects in inducing structural and properties changes are thoroughly reviewed.

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Locally producer coal-tar phenols were fractionally distilled and the required fraction which rich with phenol was collected and specified. This phenolic fraction was methylated and acylated with selected acid chlorides to the corresponding ketones which then reduced and finally demethylated to the required alkyl phenols. These alkyl phenols were condensed with formalin to produce the corresponding alkyl phenol-formaldehyde resin which the processed to the required varnishes. Several formulations from the prepared varnish samples were chosen and their electrical and chemical properties were examined.

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Changes in growth and chemical composition such as carbohydrate, protein, free amino acids, alkaloids, and minerals of fruits of salinized Datura stramonium were studied. Fresh and dry matter was mostly increased with the rise of salinization level. Generally, the insoluble and total carbohydrate, insoluble protein. Free amino acids other than proline and total alkaloid contents increased significantly with the rise of salinization level. However, the soluble carbohydrate, soluble and total protein, and proline contents decreased with the rise of salinization level. Mineral composition also exhibited significant changes, but the dominant feature was the progressively increase of sodium content with the rise of salinity level.

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Seventy species in addition to an unidentified isolate belonging to forty-three fungal genera were isolated during this investigation. From these fungi, 18 species in addition to an unidentified isolate of Pythium are related to 12 zoosporic fungal genera and 52 species to 23 terrestrial fungal genera. Saprolegnia ferax, Allomyces arbuscula and Pythium undulatum were the most common genera among the zoosporic fungi whereas Gibberella fujikuroi, G. intricans and Aspergillus niger were the most common terrestrial fungal species. The samples of Abidos temples (Sohag) were the richest with zoosporic fungal species whereas the samples of the sacred lake (El-Karnak temple) were the richest with terrestrial fungal species on two used media (glucose and celulose Czapek's agar media. There are no specific fungal flora concerning these historical areas. There are variations concerning the frequency and population of zoosporic and terrestrial fungi according to the type of sample (Water or mud) as well as to the site of sampling and to the type of media (glucose and cellulose).

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Four M. gallisepticum strains isolated from cases of chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) were studied and compared with MG-S6 and MG-F strains for their pathogenic potential for embryonated chicken eggs. The embryo mortality was found to be dose dependent. However, all four strains with few exceptions, caused 100% embryo mortality, showing that apart from the virulence factor the bulk multiplication may also result in embryo death. Amongst the four strains used MI-211 was found to be the most pathogenic one. The present investigation indicates that the pathogenicity of MI-211 is comparable with that of MG-S6 which is reported to be highly pathogenic.

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The Ames Salmonella typhimurium microsomal screening system was standardized and six alkaloids and a mosquito repellent were screened for their mutagenic potential. The results indicated that mosquito repellent and all the six (buxenone, ephedradine, protopine, saponin, pleiocarpamine and vindoline) alkaloids exhibited mutagenic activity (based on his -‡his+ reversions, in TA98 tester strain. In addition, vindoline also induced reversion mutations in TA100.

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The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and pyruvate kinase (PK) were determined in sickle cell anemia patients using kits from Boehringer Mannheim. The level was found to be 155±62 mU/109 erythrocytes and 414.3±188 mU/109 erythrocytes, for G-6-PD and PK respectively. These levels were significantly higher than the levels obtained in normal individuals. The enzyme levels were subjected to regression and correlation analysis with the hematological parameters in these patients. A negative correlation was obtained between the enzyme level (G-6-PD, PK) and total hemoglobin, red blood cell count and packed cell volume, while a positive correlation was demonstrated with MCV, MCH and white blood cells. No correlation was demonstrated between these enzymes and MCHC, reticulocytes, Hb A2 and Hb F. These results show that G-6-PD and PK levels are elevated in patients with sickle cell anemia. This may be a consequence of associated elevation in neocytes, or due to a real increase in G-6-PD level or due to a modified phenotypic expression of G-6-PD. Thus an increase in the anemic state may result in an increase in the G-6-PD and PK activity, thereby masking any associated enzyme deficiency, particularly in patients who have a partial enzyme deficiency and when commercially available kits are used.

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From 33 tested grains and seeds, sesame, hemp seeds, barley and maize grains proved to be best baits for aquatic phycomycetes in El-Ibrahimia Canal. The richest periods in aquatic fungi were of low or moderate temperature months and the poorest were summer months. Organic matter contents of water and mud samples showed its highest values in winter months where pH values did not perform any regular seasonal variation. Achlya was the most prevalent genus in water samples (23 months) while Dictyuchus and Pythium were the most common genera in submerged mud (each 24 months) Apodachlya, Ganopodya, Calyptralegnia, Leptomitus and Woronina emerged from water samples only while Aqualindrella, Blastocladia, Blastocladiella, Leptolegnia and Nowakowskia emerged from submerged mud. Achlya dubia, A. proliferoides, A. debaryana, A. carolinina, A. polyandra, A. combrica, A. oligacantha, A. apiculata, A. hypoyna, A. radiosa, Sap-rolegnia megasperma, S. anisospora, E. parasitica, S. diclina, S. furcata, S. trufosa, S. uliginosa, S. litoralis, Allomyces javanicus, Isoachlya monilifera, I. eccentrica and Pilobolus kelinii emerged from surface water only. On other side, Pythium echinulatum, P. intermeduim, Phytophthora cinchonae, Brevilegnia unisperma var. Delica, Isoachlya unispora and Pilobolus nanus emerged from submerged mud. Saprolegnia disappeared completely during summer months in both surface water and submerged mud samples.

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Computer-aided graphical design procedures are introduced for the synthesis of basic linkages. The two-handled block concept is utilized to illustrate the design of four-bar linkages, slider-crank mechanisms, the first inversion of the slider-crank mechanism (FISC), as well their combinations for multi-position input-output coordination. It is shown that the coordination of input-output in the resulting mechanisms is accurate, and that the error is generally less than 3% of the range.

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Peripheral blood findings (Hematocrit, white blood cell count, platelet count and formula) were evaluated in 116 patients with thyrotoxicosis and compared with controls. Mean hematocrit (39%) was within normal limits although it was lower than controls. White blood cell count (6109/cumm) was also within normal limits. Percentage and number of neutrophils in patients (50.4%-3113/cumm) were lower than controls (69.6%-4013/cumm). However percentage and number of lymphocytes in patients (43.9%-2669/cumm) were higher than controls (27%-1560). 73% of the patients had atypical mononuclear cells in their peripheral blood smears. These parameters were not different between diffuse and nodular thyrotoxicosis. Platelet count below 150000/cumm was found in only 3 cases.

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Following partial thyroid resection for non-toxic nodular goitre, 309 euthyroid patients were allocated to thyroxine usage and thyrotropin (TSH) level. Thyroid hormones and TSH were evaluated post-operatively every year. Recurrence were investigated with physical examinations, scintigraphy and ultrasonography, and diagnosed with two or three of those tests. We determined the effect of thyroxine and TSH level on the incidence of post-operative goitre recurrence. The incidence of recurrence was found 33.3% in 39 patients regularly taking 0.15 mg/day or more thyroxine, 47.4% in 57 patients regularly taking 0.10 mg/day thyroxine, 66.3% in 83 patients taking thyroxine, irregularly, and 78.5% in 130 patients who did not take any thyroxine. The recurrence was 58.6% in patients with TSH level less than 1 IU/ml, 66.9% in patients with TSH level between 1 to 5 IU/ml, and 62.5% in patients with TSH level more than 5 IU/ml. It was seen that the incidence of recurrence was not diminishing with suppression of TSH level while it was perceptively reduced in the patients who used thyroxine regularly at 0.15 mg/day or more doses as compared to those who use irregularly or not all. We observed that there is no strong relation between post-operative recurrence rate and TSH level. We believe that the thyroxine is necessary in order to prevent post-operative goitre recurrence, but the mechanism of prevention with thyroxine usage may not be TSH suppression.

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The status quo of hydatidosis in Arbil Province, based on outcome of surgical practice between 1980-1989, is presented. The surgical rate was 12.6 cases per annum. That inferred for the average population of Arbil throughout the period was approximately 2.8/100.000 inhabitants. The data was analyzed and discussed in relation to the distribution of the disease according to age, sex and occupation of the patients as well as to the cyst type and its location inside the body. It appears that the majority of infections were of autochthonous transmission and due to the metacestode of E. granulous. That the subpopulation most at risk are those living in intimate association with dogs' ecosystem, like the housewives. Due to limitation of surgical index in representation of actual infection with hydatid cysts, other means for detecting the sub clinical cases of the disease were recommended. It was appraised that the prevalence data thus obtained will more objectively contribute to the control and prevention campaign hydatidosis in Iraq.

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Suspensions of carbamate fungicides (maneb and zineb) were prepared at the concentrations of 200 g maneb/100 L and 300 g zineb/100 L respectively. These two doses were applied to the albino mice by way of lettuces during 13 weeks. Three applications were done weekly. The histopathological effects of the fungicides on mice were investigated. The test animals were observed to have larger livers with more heavily color than those of the controls. Another observation was the fat accumulation around the internal organs, particularly on liver, kidneys and pancreas of the test animals. Histological examination of the liver and kidney has shown mononuclear cell infiltration, tissue necrosis and congestion in mice fed with fungicide-applied lettuces. The changes obtained from tissues were discussed.

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