The aim of this study is to examine the in vitro effects of pacemaker electrical impulses on red blood cell deformability. The study was performed on 14 venous blood samples. The red cell suspension prepared from blood sample of each volunteer was divided into two parts; first was used to measure control erythrocyte deformability and the second for measuring erythrocyte deformability after pacemaker impulses were applied. In addition, Hct, Hb, MCV, MCH, and MCHC values from the two groups were determined.
As a result, it was observed that pacemaker impulses significantly decrease the red cell deformability. Hct, Hb, MCV, MCH, and MCHC values in the filtered red cell suspensions, however, did not change after the exposure.
Our data suggested that the pacemaker electrical impulses alter the erythrocyte deformability resulting in microcirculation disorders, which in turn may produce pathological changes.

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There is strong evidence of an immune response to antigens found in mycobacteria in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. We report here the presence of antigens strongly associated with mycobacteria in serum immune complexes of RA patients. A significant level of mycobacterial antigen was detected in RA patients' serum immune complexes and also in synovial fluids by both polyclonal anti-M. tuberculosis and monoclonal anti-DnaJ antibodies. We have found high levels of mycobacterial antigens using polyclonal antibodies in early stages of RA which however is reduced in late stages of the disease. While reverse situation was noted for DnaJ related antigen, using anti-DnaJ m-Ab, where low levels were detected in early RA they were comparatively high in late RA cases. Possibly in early infection, mycobacteria are involved and subsequently immune system restricts the multiplication of mycobacteria. However, during infection both host and pathogen undergo stress/heat shock resulting in heat shock protein production. The immune response to DnaJ or related antigens of pathogen and other bacteria may cross-react with homologous regions of host protein, and may induce an autoimmune disease.

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Swiss mice inoculated with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells were treated with chloroaceto-(CHA), aceto-(AHA), benzo-(BHA) and salicyl-(SHA) hydroxamic acids and also with clinically used anticancer agent hydroxyurea-(HU). Different biochemical (lipid peroxidation in serum, alkaline phosphatase activity) and haematological parameters as well as transplantability of treated EAC cells and enhanced peritoneal macrophages were studied.
Among the hydroxamic acids CHA reduced the tumour weight and enhanced the longivity of tumour bearing mice similar to HU. The antitumour activity of hydroxamic acids were found to be decreased as HU>CHA>SHA>BHA>AHA. Transplantability of EAC cells was reduced by these compounds. Deviated haematological parameters and serum alkaline phosphatase activity in tumour bearing mice were found to be significantly recovered towards normal after treatment with these compounds. However, CHA treatment had recovered these parameters more effectively.

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The aim of this brief synopsis is to review the relationship between hypnosis and dreaming and to present theoretical and clinical implications related to both phenomena. For this purpose, I considered hypnotic dreams and sleep dreams; hypnosis and posthypnotic suggestion as presleep conditions affecting, sleep mentation; REM, suggestibility, hypnosis, cognition, and consciousness; dream recall and hypnotizability; psychopathological perspectives; and lucid dreaming, out-of-body experiences, hypnosis. It may be suggested that there is a strong and plausible relationship between sleep states and hypnotic phenomena. The investigation of this relationship will help to understand the underlying mechanisms of these experiences.

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