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The purpose of this study is to draw attention of the public to the violence against health care workers.
Violence in health care institutions is a common problem in the world. The common point of studies on violence against health care workers is that violence in the health field is more than other work places and it is less taken into account. In each study it is found out that verbal violence is more than physical violence. In the researches it is found out that the groups who are most subject to violence are emergency workers or nurses. The
acts of violence are more in the emergency services during evening and in the first hour of application to the health care facilities. People who use violence are mostly patients or relatives of patients. In many countries of the world, policies have been developed to prevent violence in health care institutions and in some countries the ones who use violence to health workers are sentenced to prison.
Violence in health care institutions is a common problem. An urgent study is needed to examine the dimensions of the violence against health care workers and represent the country covering all health care workers. Also such study needs to be repeated in certain periods to determine the frequency of violence. With the help of such study, the reasons for violence need to be identified and measures need to be discussed with health care workers and professional organizations and should be put into practice.

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The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence, severity, and some factors related to dental caries in 12-year-old children in Turkey.
A representative study population (covered 250 clusters) was chosen by the Turkish Statistical Institute using the proportional stratified cluster sampling method. The sample consisted of 1611 subjects. Data were collected via clinical examination and a questionnaire. Twenty-seven calibrated examiners recorded caries according to WHO criteria (1997) during home visits. The significance of the differences was tested by Chi-square, ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis.
The prevalence of caries was 61.1%. Children living in urban areas had significantly higher prevalence of filled teeth. The mean of Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) was 1.9 ± 2.2 and no difference by sex and residence was observed. The decayed component of the DMFT was the major contributor. The Significant Caries Index (SiC) was 4.33. Half of the children claimed to brush their teeth once or more per day. Girls brushed their teeth more frequently. The percentage of “never visited dentist” was 41.4%. Frequency of tooth brushing was the only significant independent variable determining caries occurrence.
In conclusion, the only meaningful significant independent variable was tooth brushing, which was found to be associated with caries frequency among Turkish 12-year-olds.

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Lactation is beneficial to mother’s health as well as provides specific nourishments, growth, and development to the baby. Hence, it is a nature’s precious gift for the infant; however, lactation insufficiency is one of the explanations mentioned most often by women throughout the world for the early discontinuation of breastfeeding and/or for the introduction of supplementary bottles. Globally, lactation insufficiency is a public health
concern, as the use of breast milk substitutes increases the risk of morbidity and mortality among infants in developing countries, and these supplements are the most common cause of malnutrition. The incidence has been estimated to range from 23% to 63% during the first 4 months after delivery. The present article provides a literary search in English language of incidence, etiopathogensis, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and current update on treatment of lactation insufficiency from different sources such as reference books, Medline, Pubmed, other Web sites, etc. Non-breast-fed infant are 14 times more likely to die due to diarrhea, 3 times more likely to die of respiratory infection, and twice as likely to die of other infections than an exclusively breast-fed child. Therefore, lactation insufficiency should be tackled in appropriate manner.

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To study and know the types of congenital abnormalities, the prospective study started for fetus that was born in the Erbil maternity hospital. We studied the sex of the baby, the age of the mother, and their location, and concluded the following results: Among the various types of congenital abnormalities, the highest percentage was observed in the ones related to the nervous system (spinal cord) 34.8%, followed by encephala 15.94%, heart disorders 10.14%, and foot anomalies 8.7%. Moreover, most congenital abnormalities occurred in
male children (about 65.21% anomalies). The highest congenital abnormality is observed among babies delivered by mothers aged between 30 and 45 years (i.e., 50.72%), and the mean maternal age was 34.65 ± 5.45 years.

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Iraqi Children suffered injuries during 1991 Gulf war. This was followed by suffering for 13 years from the effect of economic sanctions. The 2003 military invasion and occupation by coalition forces added more death and injuries.
We wanted to know how frequent physical injuries were to Iraqi children, and how inflicted and what the consequences were.
Mothers who were admitted with their children to the Children Welfare Hospital, Baghdad, in the period July 1–December 31, 2004, were interviewed about violence to their children, relatives, and neighbours that they had witnessed.
Of the 218 mothers interviewed, 50 witnessed injuries (23%); 28 of those who witnessed injuries were from the city of Baghdad and 22 from towns in the central part of the country. Twenty two injuries were by gunshots, 14 by aerial attack or tank bombs, and others were due to explosions. Head injuries were the most common. Twenty of the injured children recovered with no disability, two lost fingers, two got blind, two were limping, and one had persistent backache.
In conclusion, Iraqi Children were commonly victims of violence during invasion and occupation of Iraq. There seems to be inadequate protection for children during the years 2003–2004.

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A 5-year old girl was seen in the clinic because of limited servical movements. There was a history of burn with hot water a month ago.

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