The Unani system of medicine is an age-old, time-tested system of medicine dating back 5000 years to Greece. Like any other form of medical science, Unani medicine strives to find the best possible ways by which a person can lead a healthy life with the least or zero sickness. Unani scholars believe that diseases can be kept at bay by using clean and fresh water, breathing clean air and consuming fresh food. Likewise, a balance should be maintained between the mind and the body so that the metabolic process can take place easily and the body waste evacuated. Unani medicine believes in promotion of health, prevention of diseases and cure through regimental and diet therapies.

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Birth asphyxia is one of the commonest causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Prompt and proper application of various management strategies as per standard American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) neonatal resuscitation guidelines will help to prevent birth asphyxia and decrease the consequent/resultant mortality and morbidity.
Neonatal resuscitation is an essential skill in maternal and child health, and every health care personnel should know the basic steps of resuscitation. Thus, the neonatal resuscitation training programmed (NRTP) was conducted based on the latest international 2005 AAP Neonatal Resuscitation guidelines. A set of multiple choice questions for both pre- and post tests was administered before and after the NRTP to assess the knowledge and skill gained by the participants.
The NRTP was conducted by the Department of Pediatrics, MGIMS, KHS Hospital Sevagram. The participants were undergraduate, postgraduate and nurses. Before starting the lectures, participants were given the pre-test consisting of 35 multiple choice questions covering the entire NR protocol based on AAP Neonatal Resuscitation guidelines. The post-test was administered at the end of the training programmed. The participants’ pre- and post-test marks were categorized into very good score (80%), good score (60-80%), and unsatisfactory score (<60%). The t-test for paired samples was calculated using SPSS 10 version.
A total of 107 participants who were given pre- and post-tests were included in the study group. Maximum participants were final year undergraduate students (55.14%) followed by B.Sc. nursing students (12.14%) and staff nurses (11.21%). The mean pre-test score was 17.56 (SD ± 4.68) that went up to 27.71 (SD ± 2.36) as a mean post-test score {p value <0.000; 95% CI -10.92 to -9.37}. The highly significant improvement was observed in the post-test scores of MBBS final year students (p < 0.000; 95% CI -11.28 to -9.73), staff nurses (p < 0.000; 95% CI -11.58 to -8.71), community postgraduates (p < 0.000; 95% CI -8.22 to -5.43), and B.Sc. nursing students (p < 0.000; 95% CI -18.59 to -13.07). Significant improvement was also observed in the post-test scores of anesthesia postgraduates, gynecologist postgraduates, medical officers, and pediatrics postgraduates.

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The antibacterial effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of medicinal plants Lepidium sativum (cress garden) and Allium porrum (leek), in addition to their juices, was investigated on Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans). All bacteria under this study were obtained from human infections from Hawlery Ferkary Hospital in Erbil City – Iraq, by using the well diffusion technique. It was observed that the extracts of both plants had an inhibitory effect on all the bacteria under study, except Klebsiella pneumoniae, whereas the juices of both plants did not have any effect on these bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of L. sativum extracts was determined and it was 3% for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus, whereas other bacterial species were sensitive to all concentrations of the extracts. The MIC of ethanolic extract of A. porrum was 8% for S. aureus and 9% for P. aeruginosa, whereas K. pneumoniae and Proteus were insensitive to all concentrations in contrast to S. mutans that was sensitive to all concentrations. The MIC of aqueous extract of Alllium porrum did not affect K. pneumoniae and Proteus in contrast to other bacteria.

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A total of 125 samples were collected from intensive care units (ICUs) of two main hospitals in Basrah: 74 clinical samples including Skin, blood, eye, nose, wounds, and urine and 51 inanimate samples including bed, wall, instruments, and addresses. A total of 334 isolates of bacterial types were isolated from various sources, including the following number of isolates and their percentages: Staphylococcus aureus 45 (13.47%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 31 (9.28%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus 18 (5.38%), Staphylococcus xylosus 11 (3.29%), Staphylococcus capitis 7 (2.09%), Streptococcus pyogenes 28 (8.38%), Viridans streptococci 35 (10.47%), Streptococcus pneumoniae 12 (3.59%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 41 (12.27%), Escherichia coli 19 (5.68%), Klebsiella spp 20 (5.98%), Proteus spp 10 (2.99%), Enterobacter 9 (2.69%), Propionibacterium acnes 24 (7.18%), Acinetobacter spp 9 (2.69%), and Corynebacterium spp 15 (4.49%). A total of 31 isolates of S. aureus (68.89%) were -lactamase producers, while 14 isolates (31.11%) were -lactamase non-producers. The prevalence of multidrug resistance of S. aureus against eight antibiotics was carried out in the present study. The resistance against three antibiotics had the biggest percentage (25.8%) for -lactamase-producing S. aureus with resistance of eight antibiotics, while resistance of two antibiotics was the predominant mode of -lactamase nonproducing S. aureus (35.71%) with no resistance against more than four antibiotics. The study found that vancomycin, cefotaxime, and gentamicin were the most effective antibiotics against -lactamase-producing S. aureus strains isolated from both clinical and inanimate samples of ICUs having percentages of resistance as follows: 42.22%, 44.44%, and 44.44 %, respectively, and the antibiotic tetracycline had the biggest percentage of resistance (82.22%) against S. aureus strains under study.Although vancomycin and cefotaxime were the most effective antibiotics for -lactamase non-producing S. aureus strains, they had the lowest percentages of resistance in comparison to the first above group that recorded 13.33% and 20.0% of resistance, respectively, and tetracycline still being the weakest antibiotic having great resistance of 53.82% of isolates.The plasmid profiles in -lactamase-producing and non-producing MDRSA were also determined in this study. When the band molecular weight ranged between 300 and 600 base pairs (bp), a clear main band appeared in the range 550-570 bp for -lactamase-producing S. aureus. When the band molecular weight ranged between 200 and 700 bp, a clear main band appeared each in the band range 450-470 bp and 690-700 bp for -lactamase-producing S. aureus.

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Acute limping child is one of the most important problems of pediatric emergency, which demands great caution. Here we presented a case diagnosed first with sinusitis, followed by septic arthritis, and appendicitis and finally diagnosed with the Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). The aim of this report is to remind clinicians to suspect FMF in the case of acute limping child.

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